It pretty much depends on the layer height you are printing at.

If you are printing 0.1mm layers and your surface has a 0.1mm deflection in the middle, you are one full layer off. Meaning that a) if your surface is 0.1mm lower, there will be almost no first layer adhesion in that spot, or b) if your surface is 0.1mm higher, there will be no room to extrude the plastic as the surface will act like a plug against the tip of the hotend, creating backpreasure or even jamming the extruder.

If you are printing 0.3mm layers and your surface has a 0.1mm deflection, you still have some error margin, the first layer will still be printed but if you flip the piece over and look at that first layer, you will notice the imperfections.

Once you lay your first layer, if it sticks, after the first couple of layers (depending on how bad the deflection was) the print settles and layers will be fine.

Simple methods to get around this:
-Z probing, a probe tests the surface in various spots and automatically compensates for the found variations by adding/subtracting Z height according to the surface deviation.
-raft, a discardable raft is printed first and then the actual object
-thicker first layer, the thicker the layer the easier it will swallow any slops in the surface
-probably many other

I would expect the surface to be within +/-0.005mm compared to the center.